The ancient city of Kotor is the oldest city in Montenegro and possibly dates back to between 700 and 400 BC. To protect the city from a never-ending relay of marauding invaders, the medieval Fortifications of Kotor were built up the steep slopes above the city. The remarkable fortifications (which are Venetian in style) contain towers and ramparts, gates, forts, and bastions, and towards the top of the fortress there is a church and castle. As you make your way up the 1,350 stone steps that lead you to the top of the fortress it is worth reflecting on the immense difficulty faced by the builders of these sturdy fortifications.

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