Situated at the confluence of the Spring, Hondo, and Pecos Rivers, the Downtown Historic District of Roswell has been an important site of human habitation throughout history. Once the original homeland of the Mescalero Apache and Comanches tribes, the area was first settled in 1867 by Anglo ranchers from Texas, who established the first ranching industry in Southeastern New Mexico.

A population boom along with varying architectural styles were introduced with the advent of the railroad in the mid-1890's, including the Queen Anne, Bungalow, Victorian, Prairie, Italianate, and Tudor styles, which are still evident today. Visitors can enjoy guided tours around the Downtown Historic District of Roswell by the Historical Society for Southeast New Mexico.

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