Explore the elevation of Washington DC—how this low-lying federal district compares to the rest of the United States, the effects of its terrain on climate and infrastructure, and what makes its geography both distinct and influential for millions of residents and visitors.

Table of Contents

What is Washington DC?

  • What is Washington DC? – Known officially as the District of Columbia, Washington DC is one of the most globally recognized cities, serving as the capital of the United States.
  • Who is it named after? – The city is named in honor of George Washington, the first U.S. president.
  • Unique status: – DC is a federal district, not part of any state, bordered by Maryland and Virginia.

City History and Size

  • Founding legislation: – The Residence Act of July 1790 authorized its creation along the Potomac River.
  • Selected by: – The land was chosen by George Washington and comprised parts of Maryland and Virginia.
  • Initial vs. current size: – Originally 100 square miles, DC now covers 68.34 square miles.
  • Capital role: – It has served as the U.S. capital since inception, surviving key events like the War of 1812.
  • Population: – About 693,000 residents live in DC, with over 6.1 million in the metro area.
  • Iconic landmarks: – Includes the White House, Lincoln Memorial, Smithsonian Museums, Washington Monument, and National Cathedral.

Elevation Basics

  • What is elevation? – A measurement of height above sea level, affecting climate, drainage, and development.
  • Lowest point: – 0 feet (0 m) at the Potomac River.
  • Highest point: – Fort Reno Park in Tenleytown reaches 409 feet (125 m).
  • Average elevation: – The city averages about 150 feet (50 m).

Must-Know Elevation Facts

  • National comparison: – The U.S. average elevation is 2,500 feet (760 m), making DC significantly lower.
  • Regional comparison:
    • Virginia: 950 ft (290 m)
    • Maryland: 350 ft (110 m)
  • State high points:
    • Virginia: Mount Rogers – 5,729 ft (1,746 m)
    • Maryland: Hoye-Crest – 3,360 ft (1,024 m)
  • Major city comparisons:
    • Los Angeles: 285 ft (87 m)
    • New York City: 33 ft (10 m)
    • Houston: 80 ft (32 m)
    • Chicago: 594 ft (181 m)
  • Reason for low elevation: – DC’s coastal plain geography explains its modest elevation.

Climate and Tourism

  • Climate: – Characterized by hot, humid summers and cool, wet winters.
  • Snowfall season: – Typically from November through April, with steady monthly rainfall year-round.
  • Coldest month: – January: Avg highs of 43°F (6°C), lows of 29°F (-2°C).
  • Warmest month: – July: Avg highs of 88°F (31°C), lows of 71°F (22°C).
  • Popular landmarks: – White House, Lincoln Memorial, Capitol Building, Smithsonian Museums.
  • Georgetown: – A historic district offering shopping, dining, and waterfront charm.
  • Outdoor recreation: – Potomac River and C&O Canal provide opportunities for kayaking, biking, and scenic walks.
  • Visitor appeal: – Over 20 million tourists annually enjoy DC’s museums, monuments, and diverse experiences.

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